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Research methods & reporting
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Core GRADE 7: principles for moving from evidence to recommendations and decisions
June 3, 2025
Core GRADE 6: presenting the evidence in summary of findings tables
May 27, 2025
Core GRADE 5: rating certainty of evidence—assessing indirectness
May 20, 2025
Core GRADE 4: rating certainty of evidence—risk of bias, publication bias, and reasons for rating up certainty
May 13, 2025
Core GRADE 3: rating certainty of evidence—assessing inconsistency
May 6, 2025
Core GRADE 2: choosing the target of certainty rating and assessing imprecision
April 29, 2025
SPIRIT 2025 statement: updated guideline for protocols of randomised trials
April 28, 2025
SPIRIT 2025 explanation and elaboration: updated guideline for protocols of randomised trials
April 28, 2025
Core GRADE 1: overview of the Core GRADE approach
April 22, 2025
Wash-in and washout effects: mitigating bias in short term dietary and other trials
April 22, 2025
Why Core GRADE is needed: introduction to a new series in The BMJ
April 15, 2025
CONSORT 2025 explanation and elaboration: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials
April 14, 2025
CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials
April 14, 2025
Using natural experiments to evaluate population health and health system interventions
March 28, 2025
Development of ROBUST-RCT: Risk Of Bias instrument for Use in SysTematic reviews-for Randomised Controlled Trials
March 25, 2025
PROBAST+AI: an updated quality, risk of bias, and applicability assessment tool for prediction models using regression or artificial intelligence methods
March 24, 2025
How to use directed acyclic graphs: guide for clinical researchers
March 21, 2025
Risk of Bias in Network Meta-Analysis (RoB NMA) tool
March 18, 2025
Uncertainty of risk estimates from clinical prediction models: rationale, challenges, and approaches
February 13, 2025
FUTURE-AI: international consensus guideline for trustworthy and deployable artificial intelligence in healthcare
February 5, 2025
Guidance for protocol content and reporting of factorial randomised trials: explanation and elaboration of the CONSORT 2010 and SPIRIT 2013 extensions
February 4, 2025
Reporting of cluster randomised crossover trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement with explanation and elaboration
January 6, 2025
Deep learning in medical image analysis: introduction to underlying principles and reviewer guide using diagnostic case studies in paediatrics
November 21, 2024
Extension of the PRISMA 2020 statement for living systematic reviews (PRISMA-LSR): checklist and explanation
November 19, 2024
Reading and conducting instrumental variable studies
October 14, 2024
Recommendations on recording harms in randomised controlled trials of behaviour change interventions
October 2, 2024
Developing clinical prediction models: a step-by-step guide
September 3, 2024
Reporting on data sharing: executive position of the EQUATOR Network
August 13, 2024
Reporting of surrogate endpoints in randomised controlled trial protocols (SPIRIT-Surrogate): extension checklist with explanation and elaboration
July 9, 2024
Reporting of surrogate endpoints in randomised controlled trial reports (CONSORT-Surrogate): extension checklist with explanation and elaboration
July 9, 2024
Exploring different objectives in non-inferiority trials
June 17, 2024
ROBVALU: a tool for assessing risk of bias in studies about people’s values, utilities, or importance of health outcomes
June 12, 2024
Guidance on terminology, application, and reporting of citation searching: the TARCiS statement
May 9, 2024
TRIPOD+AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods
April 16, 2024
Quantifying possible bias in clinical and epidemiological studies with quantitative bias analysis: common approaches and limitations
April 2, 2024
Assessing robustness to worst case publication bias using a simple subset meta-analysis
March 15, 2024
Regression discontinuity design studies: a guide for health researchers
February 27, 2024
Process guide for inferential studies using healthcare data from routine clinical practice to evaluate causal effects of drugs
February 12, 2024
Updated recommendations for the Cochrane rapid review methods guidance for rapid reviews of effectiveness
February 6, 2024
Avoiding conflicts of interest and reputational risks associated with population research on food and nutrition
January 29, 2024
The estimands framework: a primer on the ICH E9(R1) addendum
January 23, 2024
Evaluation of clinical prediction models (part 3): calculating the sample size required for an external validation study
January 22, 2024
Evaluation of clinical prediction models (part 2): how to undertake an external validation study
January 15, 2024
Evaluation of clinical prediction models (part 1): from development to external validation
January 8, 2024
Emulation of a target trial using electronic health records and a nested case-control design
December 28, 2023
ROB-ME: a tool for assessing risk of bias due to missing evidence in systematic reviews with meta-analysis
November 20, 2023
Enhancing reporting quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trials: CONSORT Dose-finding Extension (CONSORT-DEFINE) guidance
October 20, 2023
Enhancing quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trial protocols: SPIRIT Dose-finding Extension (SPIRIT-DEFINE) guidance
October 20, 2023
Understanding how health interventions or exposures produce their effects using mediation analysis
July 19, 2023
A guide and pragmatic considerations for applying GRADE to network meta-analysis
June 27, 2023
A framework for assessing selection and misclassification bias in mendelian randomisation studies: an illustrative example between BMI and covid-19
June 19, 2023
Practical thematic analysis: a guide for multidisciplinary health services research teams engaging in qualitative analysis
June 8, 2023
Selection bias due to conditioning on a collider
June 7, 2023
The imprinting effect of covid-19 vaccines: an expected selection bias in observational studies
June 7, 2023
A step-by-step approach for selecting an optimal minimal important difference
May 26, 2023
Recommendations for the development, implementation, and reporting of control interventions in trials of self-management therapies
May 25, 2023
Methods for deriving risk difference (absolute risk reduction) from a meta-analysis
May 5, 2023
Transparent reporting of multivariable prediction models for individual prognosis or diagnosis: checklist for systematic reviews and meta-analyses
May 3, 2023
CONSORT Harms 2022 statement, explanation, and elaboration: updated guideline for the reporting of harms in randomised trials
April 24, 2023
Transparent reporting of multivariable prediction models: : explanation and elaboration
February 7, 2023
Transparent reporting of multivariable prediction models: TRIPOD-Cluster checklist
February 7, 2023
Bias by censoring for competing events in survival analysis
September 13, 2022
CODE-EHR best practice framework for the use of structured electronic healthcare records in clinical research
August 29, 2022
Validation of prediction models in the presence of competing risks
May 24, 2022
Reporting guideline for the early stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems driven by artificial intelligence
May 18, 2022
Searching clinical trials registers: guide for systematic reviewers
April 26, 2022
How to design high quality acupuncture trials—a consensus informed by evidence
March 30, 2022
Early phase clinical trials extension to guidelines for the content of statistical analysis plans
February 7, 2022
Incorporating dose effects in network meta-analysis
January 18, 2022
Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 statement
January 11, 2022
Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using mendelian randomisation (STROBE-MR): explanation and elaboration
October 26, 2021
A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions
September 30, 2021
Adapting interventions to new contexts—the ADAPT guidance
August 3, 2021
Recommendations for including or reviewing patient reported outcome endpoints in grant applications
June 30, 2021
CONSORT extension for the reporting of randomised controlled trials conducted using cohorts and routinely collected data (CONSORT-ROUTINE): checklist with explanation and elaboration
April 30, 2021
CONSORT extension for the reporting of randomised controlled trials conducted using cohorts and routinely collected data (CONSORT-ROUTINE): checklist with explanation and elaboration
April 30, 2021
CONSORT extension for the reporting of randomised controlled trials conducted using cohorts and routinely collected data
April 30, 2021
Guidance for the design and reporting of studies evaluating the clinical performance of tests for present or past SARS-CoV-2 infection
March 29, 2021
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
March 29, 2021
PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews
March 29, 2021
Preferred reporting items for journal and conference abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy studies (PRISMA-DTA for Abstracts): checklist, explanation, and elaboration
March 15, 2021
Designing and undertaking randomised implementation trials: guide for researchers
January 18, 2021
STaRT-RWE: structured template for planning and reporting on the implementation of real world evidence studies
January 12, 2021
Methodological standards for qualitative and mixed methods patient centered outcomes research
December 23, 2020
GRADE approach to drawing conclusions from a network meta-analysis using a minimally contextualised framework
November 11, 2020
GRADE approach to drawing conclusions from a network meta-analysis using a partially contextualised framework
November 10, 2020
Use of multiple period, cluster randomised, crossover trial designs for comparative effectiveness research
November 4, 2020
When to replicate systematic reviews of interventions: consensus checklist
September 15, 2020
Reporting guidelines for clinical trial reports for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the CONSORT-AI Extension
September 9, 2020
Guidelines for clinical trial protocols for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the SPIRIT-AI Extension
September 9, 2020
Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies (PRISMA-DTA): explanation, elaboration, and checklist
August 14, 2020
Non-adherence in non-inferiority trials: pitfalls and recommendations
July 1, 2020
The Adaptive designs CONSORT Extension (ACE) statement: a checklist with explanation and elaboration guideline for reporting randomised trials that use an adaptive design
June 17, 2020
Machine learning and artificial intelligence research for patient benefit: 20 critical questions on transparency, replicability, ethics, and effectiveness
March 20, 2020
Calculating the sample size required for developing a clinical prediction model
March 18, 2020
SPIRIT extension and elaboration for n-of-1 trials: SPENT 2019 checklist
February 27, 2020
Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline
January 16, 2020
Alternative approaches for confounding adjustment in observational studies using weighting based on the propensity score: a primer for practitioners
October 23, 2019
A guide to prospective meta-analysis
October 9, 2019
RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
August 28, 2019
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